Everything about Antalya totally explained
Antalya (formerly known as
Adalia; from
Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια
Attália) is a city on the
Mediterranean coast of southwestern
Turkey. It is the capital city of
Antalya Province. The population of the city is 775.157 (2007 census). The population of Antalya is 798.507 (2008 estimate).
The city of Antalya corresponds to the lands of ancient
Pamphylia to the east and
Lycia to the west. Antalya has a hot climate.
Situated on a cliff over the Mediterranean, Antalya is surrounded by mountains.
Atatürk claimed that
without [
a]
doubt Antalya is the most beautiful place in the world.
Developments in tourism, starting in the
1970s, transformed the city into an international resort.
History
See Antalya Province#History for the history of this area in antiquity
In
150 BC Attalos II, king of
Pergamon, founded the city of
Attalia (present day Antalya) to base his powerful naval fleet. Later Antalya became part of the
Roman Republic in
133 BC when King Attalos III of Pergamum willed his kingdom to Rome at his death and the city grew and prospered in the
Ancient Roman period. Christianity started to spread in the region after 2nd century. Antalya was visited by
Paul of Tarsus, as recorded in the
Acts of the Apostles (Acts 14:25-26), (wherein Antalya is referred to as
Attalia). St. Paul and St. Barnabas went to Antalya and sailed from there to
Antioch after preaching in
Pisidia and
Pamphylia. The city later became a naval base for the Christian
Crusades against the Muslims in the Levant and in Cyprus.
It was a major city in the
Byzantine Empire. At the time of the ascension of
John II Comnenus (1118) it was an isolated outpost against the Turks, accessible only by sea.. The following year, with the aid of his commander-in-chief
John Axuch, John II drove the Turks from the land routes to Antalya and recconected the city with the rest of the empire.
The city, along with the whole region, was conquered by the
Seljuk Turks in the early 13th century. The Arabic traveler
Ibn Battuta who came to the city in between 1335-1340 noted:
Evliya Çelebi recorded a city of narrow streets containing 3,000 houses in twenty Turkish neighbourhoods and four Greek. The town had grown beyond the city walls and the port could hold up to 200 boats.
In the 18th century, in common with most of Anatolia, its actual lord was a
Dere Bey. The family of Tekke Oglu, domiciled near
Perge, though reduced to submission in 1812 by
Mahmud II, continued to be a rival power to the Ottoman governor till within the present generation, surviving by many years the fall of the other great Beys of Anatolia. The records of the Levant (Turkey) Company, which maintained an agency here till 1825, contain information as to the local Dere Beys.
In the 19th century the population of Antalya increased as Turks from the Caucasus and the Balkans moved into Anatolia. By 1911 it was a city of about 25,000 people, including many Christians and Jews, still living in separate quarters, round the walled mina or port. The port was served by coasting steamers of the local companies only. Antalya (then Adalia) was an extremely picturesque, but ill-built and backward place. The chief thing to see was the city wall, outside which runs a good and clean promenade and which survives to this day. The government offices and the houses of the better class were all outside the walls.
The city was briefly occupied by the Italians from the end of the First World War until the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923.
Population
Antalya has a population of 775.157 (2007 census).Which of a men 388.133 and a women 387.024.
Geography
The city of Antalya is situated by the
Gulf of Antalya on the Mediterranean coast. The Taurus mountain range of southern Anatolia runs parallel to the Mediterranean in an east-west direction, resulting in the formation of narrow coastal plains, which are surrounded by mountains on three sides and open south to the Mediterranean sea. On some parts of the coast, the mountains plunge sharply into the sea, forming small natural bays and peninsulas. Antalya is situated on a plain which consists of two flat areas formed of falez rock at a height of 35 m, where the mountains recede from the shore. On the first rocky plain on the coast is the town centre and on the plain behind it, named Kepezüstü, small settlement units have been established.
Etymology
In the 1st century BC, the
Pergamum king
Attalos II ordered his men to find "heaven on earth". After a long search all over the world, they discovered this land and said "This must be 'Heaven' " and King Attalos founded the city giving it the name "Attaleia" (
Greek:
Αττάλεια) which later became Adalia and then Antalya.
Climate
Since the area is closed to the cold northerly winds, it's characterized by the typical
Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and moderately warm and rainy winters. Around 300 days of the year are sunny, the sea temperature never goes below 15°C and in summer is around 29°C. The temperature climbs up to 45°C in July and August. The sea breeze and the northeasterly winds blowing from inland relieve the area under this temperature.
|
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
July |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
| Ø air temperature °C | 10.6 |
11.1 |
12.8 |
16.1 |
20.6 |
27.9 |
30.6 |
29.8 |
25.0 |
20.9 |
16.4 |
12.2
|
| max. air temperature °C | 15.0 |
15.6 |
17.8 |
21.1 |
25.6 |
30.0 |
33.9 |
33.3 |
30.6 |
26.7 |
21.7 |
16.7
|
| max. recorded air temperature °C | 22.0 |
23.4.6 |
28.2 |
33.2 |
37.6 |
41.0 |
45.0 |
43.3 |
41.2 |
37.7 |
33.0 |
25.4
|
| min. air temperature °C | 6.1 |
6.7 |
7.8 |
11.1 |
15.6 |
19.4 |
22.8 |
22.2 |
19.4 |
15.0 |
11.1 |
7.8
|
| min. recorded air temperature °C | -2.0 |
-4.0 |
-1.6 |
1.4 |
6.7 |
11.1 |
14.8 |
15.3 |
10.6 |
4.9 |
0.8 |
-1.9
|
| Ø hours of sunshine | 149 |
185 |
223 |
255 |
326 |
366 |
397 |
375 |
321 |
267 |
198 |
158
|
| Ø water temperature | 17 |
17 |
17 |
18 |
21 |
24 |
27 |
28 |
27 |
25 |
22 |
19
|
Economy
The economy of Antalya depends on a mixture of tourism, agriculture, and commerce, with some light industry. Agricultural production includes citrus fruits, cotton, cut flowers and even bananas. Antalya is a leading agriculture center of Turkey due to its suitable ecology. Antalya Metropolitan Municipality’s covered wholesale food market complex meets 65% of the fresh fruit and vegetable demand of Turkey.
Industry
There is a military base in the city.
Tourism
Places to visit in the city include sites with traces of
Lycian,
Pamphylian,
Hellenistic,
Roman,
Byzantine,
Seljuk and
Ottoman architecture and cultures.
Kaleiçi, with its narrow cobbled streets of historic
Turkish and
Greek houses is the old center of Antalya, now mainly hotels, gift shops, and bars. New hotels such as the
Sheraton are along the coast above the
Konyaalti and
Lara beaches.
The tourism boom has brought migrant labour to the city, fueled the growth of a large construction industry and provided transportation and other large-scale infrastructure which has led to Antalya becoming the hub of commerce in this part of Turkey.
In summer tourists include Turkish, British, Israelis, Arabs Germans and Russians.
Government
The city of Antalya is managed by a governor and a city council, with one greater city and three district municipalities. Current mayor of Antalya is
Menderes Türel from
Ak Party.
Budget
The budget for 2005 was YTL 210 million.
Education
Antalya is one of the leading cities in Turkey in terms of educational institutions. In 2007, there were a total of 1387 schools, at the elementary and secondary level. There are a total of 12.000 teachers serving 275.000 students. Antalya has had the highest number of people winning the university exams since 2004. The literacy level in Antalya province is over 95%. Antalya is also the home of
Akdeniz Üniversitesi (Mediterranean University).
Culture
Cuisine
Antalya’s most famous include
Piyaz, made with tahini (crushed sesame seeds), garlic, walnuts and boiled dried beans, spicy hibeş with mixed cumin and tahini, şiş
köfte, tandır kebap, domates civesi, şakşuka and various cold Mediterranean dishes with olive oil. One local speciality is
tirmis, boiled seeds of the lupin, eaten as a snack.
Festivals and events
Fairs
Anfaş Food Product Fair February
Antalya has beaches like Konyaaltı, Lara and Karpuzkaldıran. Antalya also has waterfalls such as Düden, Manavgat and Kurşunlu waterfalls are major attractions for both local and foreign tourists. For winter sports, Beydağları and Saklikent are both natural beauties of the city.
There are a large number of mosques, churches, madrasahs, masjids, hans and hamams in the city. Kaleiçi, the harbor which the city walls enclose is the oldest part of the city. In Kaleiçi, Yivli Minare, Kesik Minare and historic houses are to be found. In Kaleiçi, there's traditional Turkish architecture which strives for harmony with the nature.
Historic Sites in the city center
Kaleici: the historical center of the city; now restored as the touristic centre of the city with its hotels, bars, clubs, restaurants, and shopping. Kaleici retains much of its historical character and the restoration won the Golden Apple Prize, the Oscar of tourism.
Ancient monuments include the City Walls, Hıdırlık Tower, Hadrian's Gate and the Clock Tower.
Antalya Museum: Prize winning archaeology museum.
Kaleiçi Museum
: Opened in 2007 by the Mediterranean Civilizations Research Center (Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi) see also their annual journal.
Hadrian's Gate: constructed in 2nd century BC by the Romans in honour of the Emperor Hadrian.
Kesik Minare (Broken Minaret): Once a Byzantine Panaglia church, later converted into a mosque.
Yivli Minare (Fluted Minaret): It was built by the Seljuks. Decorated with dark blue and turquoise tiles, the minaret eventually became the symbol of the city.
Karatay Medresesi, Ahi Yusuf Mescidi, Iskele Mosque, Murat Paşa Mosque, Tekeli Mehmet Paşa Mosque, Balibey Mosque, Musellim Mosque, Seyh Sinan Efendi Mosque and Osman Efendi Mosque are other Islamic buildings in the city.
"Han"s are Seljuk or Ottoman inns which have architectural significance. Examples in Antalya include Evdir Han, Kırkoz Han, Alara Han and Castle and Sarapsu (Serapsu) Han.
Sites of interest
Karpuzkaldıran
Tünek Tepe
Karaalioglu Park
Historic sites
» See Antalya Province for information on historic sites and places of natural beauty elsewhere in the province. Those near the city include
Aspendos: A Pamphylian city, from Antalya city on the Antalya-Alanya highway.
Termessos: A Pisidian city situated high on a mountain with remnants of an agora, theatre and an odion. It has a reputation of being the most magnificent necropolis on the Mediterranean, northwest of Antalya.
Ariassos: . along the Antalya-Burdur highway and before arriving at the village of Dag turn left and Ariassos is . further on. A city of antiquity, Ariassos was built in a valley and could survey its surroundings. The gate, the baths, the rock tombs and the mausoleum are almost intact.
Perge: northeast of Antalya. The ruins are spread on two hills, the theatre on one and the acropolis on the other. According to the legend the city was built by three heroes from Troy.
Olympos / Cirali areas; Two small rural villages located just over 80 km southwest from Antalya and boasts a beautiful 3.5 km secluded beach, the ruins of Olympos, the flames of the Chimaera / Yanartaş, as well as being a protected area by the WWF for the nesting of the Caretta Caretta or also known as the Loggerhead Sea Turtles.
Phaselis is an ancient Lycian city in the province of Antalya in Turkey. It is located between the Bey Mountains and the forests of Olympos National Park, 16 km west of the touristic town of Kemer and on the 57th kilometre of the Antalya–Kumluca highway. Phaselis and other ancient towns around the shore can also be accessed from the sea by daily yacht tours.
Transportation
Main transportation to the city is by air and land. Sea connection lines are newly developing and the city has no railroad.
Due to Antalya's continuing development trend, the airport capacity is increased with the newly opened terminal and land and sea transportation is being developed.
Sea: The city has a main port.
Public transportation: Antalya Bus Station(Otogar).
- Bus: There is a city bus system.
- Dolmuş: White municipal minibuses that travel a prescribed route.
- Taxis
- Tram system: From Antalya Museum, Antalya Beach Park (at Konyaalti Beach), and the Sheraton Voyager and Falez hotels, along the main boulevard to the city center at Kalekapisi, Hadrian's Gate, Karaalioglu Park, and ending at the deluxe Talya Oteli. It is planned to end near Lara Plaj (Beach) to the east in the future. Trams depart on the hour and half-hour from the termini (east and west), and reach Kalekapisi between 10 and 15 minutes later. The one-way fare is under $1. Currently an 11,1-km modern light rail (tramway) line is being built from city centre (Meydani) nortwestwards to bus station (otogar) and further to new residential area. The line is due to open in December 2008.
Major routes
The infrastructure such as roads and drains are struggling to catch up with the increase in population and tourists.
Airports
In 2007, Antalya Airport's number of passengers on international flights surpassed the total number at Istanbul Ataturk Airport and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport for the first time, officially earning the title of "the capital of Turkish tourism".
Sister cities
Antalya has 6 sister cities (aka "twin towns"):
Bat Yam, Israel
Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia
Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
Nuremberg, Germany
Rostov-Na-Donu, Russia
Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan
Austin, Texas
Notable people from Antalya
alphabetical order
Cafercan Aksu, football player
Coşkun Göğen, film actor
Deniz Baykal, leader of Turkish Republican People's Party (CHP)
Deniz Seki, pop musician
Levent Yüksel, musician, composer
Michael Attaliates ("Attaleian" in Greek), Byzantine lawyer of 11th Century AD.
Onat Kutlar, writer
Özgürcan Özcan, football player
Rüştü Reçber, football player
Saint Nicholas, also known as Santa Claus, lived in the ancient town of Myra
Sümer Tilmaç, actor
Tarık Akıltopu, architect, historian, poet, writerFurther Information
Get more info on 'Antalya'.
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